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September 5, 1940
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A small French village,
with little French children.
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A village in the Ardennes, not far away
of Germany, at war with France.
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But things are calm.
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Until now.
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That's why children continue to
pack your clogs carefully...
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and their teacher says:
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Today we will learn a song,
to restore peace to us all.
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"Wheel, wheel, wheel, go the dolls."
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This will be your last class.
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Apocalypse:
The Second World War
Part 2
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May 10, 1940.
At 5:35 am, the Germans
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launch their offensive.
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THE COLLAPSE OF FRANCE
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German paratroopers
are launched in the Netherlands.
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They are the vanguard, the first
of the three million invaders.
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The Wehrmacht enters Belgium.
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This is Hitler's ruse.
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Germany pretends to attack France
through neutral Belgium,
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as he did in 1914.
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French General Gamelin, commander
as head of the allied forces, he is confident.
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He has everything covered.
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Refined your strategy
during the "phony war".
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Belgium
May 10, 1940
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Gamelin moves his
better mechanized divisions,
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the army elite
French to Belgium,
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together with all
British expeditionary force.
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These are the soldiers for
fight with true determination
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and will stop the advance
German through Belgium.
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But Hitler in his barracks
general is euphoric,
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his ruse worked.
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He exclaims:
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"I could cry with joy."
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He instructs Marshal Göring,
air force commander,
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so as not to bomb the French columns
and let them enter well into Belgian territory.
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And attack them from the rear.
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Your real offensive
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it will be through the forests of the Ardennes.
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According to an official
High command French:
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"No tank can cross
these hills with dense vegetation."
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But nothing stops them,
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except your own
traffic jams.
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However,
in the Netherlands and Belgium,
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people who have cars
They are the first to flee.
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Everyone is suspicious.
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A "fifth column" is feared,
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spies working for the Nazis.
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German troops continue
with their diversionary tactics,
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invading Belgium with troops
airborne specials.
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Combat engineers sing
his songs from the campaign in Poland.
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"The girls have to wait, comrades.
It's time to go, comrades."
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On May 11th, at dawn,
are launched over Belgium.
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The objective is to capture the post
key to the Belgian defense system,
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Fort Eben-Emael, on the Albert Canal,
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whose reputation is "unconquerable".
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An intrepid German soldier,
climb to the top of a turret
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with a load of explosives.
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The conquerors stroll
by the ruins of Fort Eben-Emael,
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the key to Belgium.
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Images like these
forged the reputation of the Wehrmacht
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of "invincibility".
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After the fall of the Fort,
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people disperse trying
to catch the last train to Paris.
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In the French capital,
the Red Cross is overcrowded.
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Belgian refugees are
transferred in cattle cars
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to the South.
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When German troops entered
in Liège, panic grew and spread.
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Facing this demo
strength, you only have two options:
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obey or flee.
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Many of the refugees
They are people from rural areas.
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As many times in history,
farmers will be the last to flee,
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unable to abandon
their crops and animals.
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The great Belgian poet Emile
Verhaeren wrote:
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"People here don't have
absolutely nothing."
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"Nothing before them but
an endless road."
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"People who work
in the fields, the people here,"
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"they just have endless misfortune."
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The Germans launch their air offensive
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destroying strategic roads,
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landing strips...
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refineries...
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and fuel tanks.
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The cities of the north and east
of France are bombed.
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France faces reality
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of modern warfare.
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In the Netherlands, the port of
Rotterdam is on fire,
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result of the bombing
German horror,
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like what they did in Warsaw.
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But these bombs were dropped
after the city surrendered.
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Another of Hitler's war crimes.
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In London, Winston Churchill,
is the new Prime Minister.
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His first speech demonstrates
your determination to continue fighting,
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whatever the circumstances.
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"I will say...
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without any doubt...
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that destiny...
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from the Netherlands and Belgium,
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as well as Poland,
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Czechoslovakia and Austria,
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will be determined by the victory of the
British Empire and the French Republic".
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But suddenly things
had become very dark in France.
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In just three days,
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the Germans had crossed
the Ardennes forests
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and advanced to the line
of French defense on the River Meuse.
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They are closing the network
with its "pincer" movement,
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trying to trap the troops
massive allies in Belgium.
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German infantry overthrows
French people as if from another world.
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With your hand grenades...
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with their machine guns
and your sleeves rolled up,
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they will occupy the city in one day.
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Sedan, the key to the Ardennes,
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which also scored terribly
the defeat of France in 1870.
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But the real obstacle to
the Germans is the Meuse River.
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On the night of May 13th,
they bring beams to build bridges.
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The French counterattack.
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But the Germans neutralize
French artillery
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the next morning your
engineers finish the bridge.
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Galvanized by General Guderian,
a 52 year old Prussian,
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a great specialist
in the armored strategy,
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using tanks to strike hard,
boldness and speed.
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The Blitzkrieg, the lightning war,
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should not give
time for the enemy to react.
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First the tanks, followed
by infantry and supported by aviation,
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especially Stuka planes.
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Stuka dive bombers,
equipped with sirens,
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resist the intense pressure of descent,
with its highly trained pilots,
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dropping their bombs in the last
minute with deadly precision.
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French Prime Minister Paul Reynaud
calls Churchill alarmed.
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"We were defeated,
We lost the battle."
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The French generals are lost,
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cannot react to this situation.
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With Allied forces trapped in Belgium,
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how can they stop
the Germans from advancing?
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In Paris, authorities face
an increasing number of refugees.
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People from Belgium and the north
from France flood the city.
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Schools, hospitals and barracks
they fill up quickly.
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Information is scarce,
Rumors abound.
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Did Gamelin commit suicide?
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No!
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The French high command realized
that the Germans were heading towards the coast
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and that the allies
they had fallen into a trap.
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A counterattack is ordered,
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allowing a certain Colonel De Gaulle,
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distinguish yourself in command
of the Tank Brigade.
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French troops have more tanks
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and they are of better quality
than the German Panzers.
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But without any reinforcements
or the help of air support,
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French tanks
they become prey for the Stukas.
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French fighters give
a good reply, but one wonders
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why the air force
not protecting them.
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Poorly prepared and with few planes,
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French pilots are
clearly surpassed by the Luftwaffe.
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00:13:15.510 --> 00:13:17.358
But they fight bravely.
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Dozens of German pilots
are overthrown and captured.
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Some of these pilots return
to Germany when the armistice is signed
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and once again they will come together
to battle against England.
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May 26, 1940
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German tanks pass quickly
through the cities and villages in northern France.
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Valiantly, the French try
halt the advance of German troops.
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The Germans crush
any resistance bag.
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The Germans reach
the English Channel.
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Hitler's strategy,
of the sickle movement, it had worked.
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The British Expeditionary Force,
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the Belgian army and troops
French women are surrounded.
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May 28, 1940
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The King of Belgium surrenders
along with his army.
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The British expeditionary force
retreat to the coast,
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leading to collapse
end of the Allied forces.
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In Paris, the French Prime Minister,
Paul Reynaud, fires Gamelin
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and look for a new savior,
General Weygand, aged 72,
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one of those responsible
by the Allied victory in 1918.
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To boost morale, Raynaud appoints
another war hero as his second.
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Marshal Pétain, aged 84,
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who quickly turns his back
to Reynaud's policies.
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Weygand has no choice.
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He too was forced to order a
complete withdrawal to Dunkirk.
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Hitler lets them go.
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An act of clemency
towards Great Britain?
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He still has hope
in a separate peace?
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Or Göring assured him
that its air force could
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prevent an evacuation?
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400,000 men pile in
on the beach, helpless in total confusion.
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They have one last chance to escape:
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by sea.
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Churchill orders that any
vessel that can float
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go get them.
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On the outskirts of Dunkirk,
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the French hold out against the Germans
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suffering heavy casualties.
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Göring sends his Stukas
and Luftwaffe bombers.
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00:16:18.164 --> 00:16:20.912
218,000 British soldiers
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and 120,000 French soldiers
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are successfully evacuated.
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British troops are safe,
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but shattered.
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The French will be
sent back to France,
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in a final attempt
to defend their country.
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00:17:02.626 --> 00:17:05.567
The British are sent
for retrofit centers.
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00:17:07.298 --> 00:17:11.301
All Brits applaud
Dunkirk as an extraordinary feat.
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00:17:11.911 --> 00:17:14.408
Churchill however,
put it in its proper perspective.
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With his lucidity he says:
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00:17:17.710 --> 00:17:20.607
"War cannot
be gained through evacuation."
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00:17:20.727 --> 00:17:24.464
Despite this, in the first
days of June 1940,
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00:17:24.585 --> 00:17:27.890
"the spirit of Dunkirk"
had been born.
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00:17:27.956 --> 00:17:31.721
The harshness of this war and the
destructive power of the Nazi enemy,
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are now clear to the British.
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00:17:34.161 --> 00:17:38.621
Levity and humor give way to
frantic efforts to mobilize the nation.
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00:17:39.545 --> 00:17:43.692
On June 4th, Churchill, who also fought
against the defeatists on their own side,
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00:17:43.956 --> 00:17:46.724
speech, his tone is unforgettable.
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"We will fight on the beaches,
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00:17:49.777 --> 00:17:51.182
on land,
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00:17:51.421 --> 00:17:53.335
in the fields, in the streets...
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00:17:53.651 --> 00:17:54.747
and in the hills.
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00:17:55.803 --> 00:17:58.189
We will never surrender."
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00:18:06.137 --> 00:18:09.804
On June 4th, the Germans
occupy Dunkirk.
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00:18:16.484 --> 00:18:18.827
A fabulous reward awaits them,
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00:18:18.947 --> 00:18:22.548
luxuriously filmed by the unit
of Propaganda of the Wehrmacht.
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00:18:23.800 --> 00:18:27.263
British troops had left to
back most of your equipment.
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00:18:49.900 --> 00:18:54.170
German soldiers from
Wehrmacht film themselves in good humor.
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00:18:58.308 --> 00:19:02.906
They found a French gramophone with
a famous recording by Maurice Chevalier.
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00:19:38.158 --> 00:19:39.902
The offensive continues.
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00:19:41.188 --> 00:19:43.434
France collapses.
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00:19:49.790 --> 00:19:54.290
But Reynaud and De Gaulle, which is
Secretary of Defense and War,
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00:19:54.881 --> 00:19:56.504
they want to keep fighting.
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00:20:01.770 --> 00:20:05.370
In Rome, the Italian dictator
Mussolini, "il Duce",
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00:20:07.295 --> 00:20:09.394
there's great news
for your people.
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00:20:09.529 --> 00:20:11.493
"The declaration of war
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00:20:12.931 --> 00:20:16.560
"It has just been delivered...
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00:20:18.454 --> 00:20:22.462
to ambassadors
of Great Britain and France."
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00:20:23.722 --> 00:20:27.142
Mussolini waits
for his share of the estate.
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00:20:27.262 --> 00:20:32.801
The Rhône Valley, Marseille, as well as
the disarmament of Corsica and Tunisia.
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00:20:34.640 --> 00:20:37.246
The French say,
"It's a stab in the back."
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00:20:37.668 --> 00:20:41.641
Mussolini's offensive is halted
by the French Alpine divisions.
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00:20:42.476 --> 00:20:45.458
The General's troops
Rommel invade Normandy
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00:20:45.571 --> 00:20:47.485
and arrive at the Loire River.
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00:21:04.748 --> 00:21:07.647
Paris is declared an "open city",
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in other words,
surrender to the enemy without a fight,
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so as to avoid the fate
from Warsaw or Rotterdam.
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00:21:14.682 --> 00:21:16.844
The government moves to Bordeaux.
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00:21:17.137 --> 00:21:19.180
The German troops
approach the city.
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00:21:19.300 --> 00:21:23.912
Rumors fly: they kill and rape
as the Prussians did in 1870.
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00:21:25.270 --> 00:21:28.592
The Parisians, abandoned
by their government, they flee.
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00:21:28.894 --> 00:21:30.897
All of France is on the roads.
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00:21:31.860 --> 00:21:34.511
A cataclysm that will be
known by a biblical name:
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00:21:34.752 --> 00:21:36.148
the Exodus.
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00:21:36.268 --> 00:21:39.482
Millions of French people, men and women,
head towards the Loire,
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00:21:39.602 --> 00:21:41.284
the last wall.
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00:21:41.885 --> 00:21:43.852
But there is no wall
strong enough
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00:21:43.972 --> 00:21:45.992
against the Stukas.
250
00:22:01.921 --> 00:22:05.150
On June 14, 1940,
at dawn,
251
00:22:05.270 --> 00:22:07.485
German troops enter Paris.
252
00:22:33.727 --> 00:22:36.183
The Nazi emblem, the Swastika,
253
00:22:36.303 --> 00:22:38.780
waves over Paris.
254
00:22:45.146 --> 00:22:47.931
One of the first acts
of the German occupation force,
255
00:22:48.100 --> 00:22:51.154
is to seize all records
of abandoned ministries.
256
00:22:51.274 --> 00:22:55.570
Spy lists,
Jews, Free Masons
257
00:22:55.161 --> 00:22:58.880
including an original copy
of the Treaty of Versailles,
258
00:22:58.178 --> 00:23:00.761
that so humiliated
Germany in 1919.
259
00:23:01.181 --> 00:23:03.682
It is immediately sent to Hitler.
260
00:23:05.575 --> 00:23:08.143
The Exodus has reached an impasse.
261
00:23:08.653 --> 00:23:11.695
The bridges over the Loire
were demolished.
262
00:23:11.925 --> 00:23:13.697
The only hope now,
263
00:23:13.817 --> 00:23:15.680
is for the fighting to stop.
264
00:23:17.169 --> 00:23:21.260
Pétain in Bordeaux,
He also wants to put an end to things.
265
00:23:26.529 --> 00:23:30.115
The Germans continue their
relentless advance to the South.
266
00:23:30.302 --> 00:23:32.728
What was once considered
a "formidable force",
267
00:23:32.848 --> 00:23:35.300
the French army
is now dismembered,
268
00:23:35.420 --> 00:23:39.389
and yet it continues to give greater response
than would be expected at this point.
269
00:23:39.607 --> 00:23:43.406
In one month 100,000 soldiers
French people die,
270
00:23:43.594 --> 00:23:46.823
more than in the same period of time
during the first world war,
271
00:23:46.943 --> 00:23:49.827
the deadliest war yet.
272
00:24:03.424 --> 00:24:08.544
1,850,000 soldiers
were taken prisoner,
273
00:24:08.664 --> 00:24:13.826
together with 36,000 officers
and 176 generals.
274
00:24:23.680 --> 00:24:28.197
Among the prisoners there are many soldiers
Africans from French colonial troops.
275
00:24:29.529 --> 00:24:34.711
Wehrmacht amateur filmmakers film them,
with a perverse sense of self-satisfaction.
276
00:24:35.865 --> 00:24:39.693
Hungry, these
soldiers kill a goat.
277
00:25:01.901 --> 00:25:05.153
German propaganda films,
insist on showing repeatedly
278
00:25:05.273 --> 00:25:07.323
close-ups of their faces.
279
00:25:07.443 --> 00:25:11.347
The official instructions are to portray
the degeneration of the French,
280
00:25:11.467 --> 00:25:16.300
when forced to enter the war
with the slaves of their colonies.
281
00:25:16.123 --> 00:25:19.337
The original German commentary,
It's revealing.
282
00:25:19.652 --> 00:25:23.940
"Allies say they are fighting"
283
00:25:24.600 --> 00:25:27.942
"to defend civilization"
284
00:25:28.253 --> 00:25:31.530
"against our 'medieval barbarism'."
285
00:25:31.173 --> 00:25:34.231
"Look at them,
the guardians of culture!"
286
00:25:34.266 --> 00:25:38.434
3000 officers and soldiers
of French Africa will be shot
287
00:25:38.554 --> 00:25:41.575
and killed after being captured.
288
00:25:41.695 --> 00:25:45.950
After 7 years of Nazi indoctrination,
instilled racism is rampant
289
00:25:46.700 --> 00:25:48.698
among German soldiers.
290
00:25:54.573 --> 00:25:58.560
Three dates will now be decisive
to determine the fate of France.
291
00:25:59.193 --> 00:26:01.371
On June 16, 1940,
292
00:26:01.491 --> 00:26:05.280
Reynault is confronted by the Council
of Ministers in Bordeaux
293
00:26:05.148 --> 00:26:06.198
and resignation.
294
00:26:07.478 --> 00:26:11.826
Like his successor, Philippe Pétain,
is declared head of the French government.
295
00:26:15.734 --> 00:26:18.300
Paris
June 17, 1940
296
00:26:18.379 --> 00:26:20.239
Bastille Square.
297
00:26:20.359 --> 00:26:23.591
Those who stayed in Paris,
listen to Marshal Pétain.
298
00:26:24.420 --> 00:26:28.300
The war hero in Verdun,
announces that he is seeking an armistice.
299
00:26:32.126 --> 00:26:33.208
"French...
300
00:26:34.541 --> 00:26:37.790
I asked our enemies
301
00:26:37.290 --> 00:26:39.411
for hostilities to cease.
302
00:26:40.380 --> 00:26:44.380
I made this painful decision
to a soldier's heart,
303
00:26:44.398 --> 00:26:47.242
because the military situation advises it".
304
00:26:52.320 --> 00:26:57.328
German radio translates this speech
announcing the capitulation of France.
305
00:27:07.540 --> 00:27:10.687
Some French
can catch the BBC.
306
00:27:11.447 --> 00:27:13.887
General De Gaulle
had arrived in London.
307
00:27:14.680 --> 00:27:17.190
On June 18th,
denounces the armistice.
308
00:27:17.507 --> 00:27:20.358
A few days later,
record a new speech.
309
00:27:23.222 --> 00:27:27.119
"We believe
that the honor of the French,
310
00:27:27.728 --> 00:27:33.990
consists of continuing the war
alongside our allies."
311
00:27:37.757 --> 00:27:41.737
Hitler receives a telegram
card from Moscow.
312
00:27:52.971 --> 00:27:57.852
On June 22, 1940, Hitler
arrives in Compiègne, on the outskirts of Paris.
313
00:27:58.453 --> 00:28:01.899
The stage is set
to humiliate the losers.
314
00:28:03.883 --> 00:28:08.821
He had brought the same carriage
used to sign the armistice of 1918,
315
00:28:09.320 --> 00:28:11.340
which sealed Germany's defeat.
316
00:28:11.576 --> 00:28:13.938
His revenge is complete.
317
00:28:37.794 --> 00:28:41.823
The French delegation is led
by General Huntziger.
318
00:28:56.722 --> 00:28:59.365
A translator reads an inventive
accusing France
319
00:28:59.485 --> 00:29:02.760
having declared war
without any reason.
320
00:29:03.767 --> 00:29:06.300
Hitler doesn't say a single word.
321
00:29:06.420 --> 00:29:08.540
Get up and leave.
322
00:29:18.646 --> 00:29:22.310
The French delegation was informed
the terms of the armistice agreement.
323
00:29:22.671 --> 00:29:27.131
One of its conditions is that France
will hand over all anti-Nazi Germans
324
00:29:27.221 --> 00:29:29.929
who had taken refuge in France.
325
00:29:30.145 --> 00:29:32.790
Huntziger tries to negotiate.
326
00:29:33.185 --> 00:29:35.112
The Germans refuse.
327
00:29:36.960 --> 00:29:38.725
Huntziger calls
for the government in Bordeaux.
328
00:29:38.831 --> 00:29:42.372
German secret services
they record his conversation with Weygand.
329
00:29:42.474 --> 00:29:45.630
- This is Huntzinger.
- Yes?
330
00:29:45.126 --> 00:29:47.465
Well, it's done.
331
00:29:47.572 --> 00:29:50.347
- Is it done?
- Yes, my General.
332
00:29:50.467 --> 00:29:53.939
Perfect! I would like to thank you
the way he handled the matter.
333
00:29:54.390 --> 00:29:58.434
- Yes, my general, you understand me, don't you?
- Yes yes. I understand.
334
00:30:00.547 --> 00:30:04.359
After the meeting, Hitler takes
the carriage back to Berlin.
335
00:30:04.722 --> 00:30:06.396
In the last days of the Reich,
336
00:30:06.516 --> 00:30:09.197
he would order the SS to
destroyed it with dynamite.
337
00:30:13.190 --> 00:30:16.848
Soon the great symbols of
French victory in the First World War
338
00:30:16.974 --> 00:30:18.550
they would be ridiculed.
339
00:30:18.751 --> 00:30:20.583
Like here, in Verdun,
340
00:30:20.703 --> 00:30:23.459
where 500 thousand soldiers
French were killed,
341
00:30:23.579 --> 00:30:27.780
to become this...
20 years later.
342
00:30:32.557 --> 00:30:35.190
Hitler rejoices,
while visiting his men
343
00:30:35.310 --> 00:30:37.915
who have just
capture the Maginot line.
344
00:30:54.638 --> 00:30:59.940
He is more solemn as he enters
in Strasbourg and its cathedral.
345
00:30:59.214 --> 00:31:02.438
Alsace and Lorraine
they are German again,
346
00:31:02.558 --> 00:31:04.360
as I had promised they would be.
347
00:31:08.583 --> 00:31:10.916
The spoils of the French campaign.
348
00:31:11.230 --> 00:31:14.918
2000 tanks, 5000 guns
349
00:31:14.972 --> 00:31:20.980
300,000 shotguns and 4 million
of ammunition boxes.
350
00:31:30.898 --> 00:31:33.962
In a military depot,
the Wehrmacht finds
351
00:31:34.730 --> 00:31:35.400
a stock of long underwear
352
00:31:35.520 --> 00:31:37.131
intended for the French army.
353
00:31:37.251 --> 00:31:38.836
Warm woolen clothing,
354
00:31:38.956 --> 00:31:42.268
which will be saved for
future campaigns.
355
00:31:50.277 --> 00:31:52.202
Other assets are factories,
356
00:31:52.413 --> 00:31:56.279
the ports and all the wealth of France.
357
00:31:56.753 --> 00:32:00.706
It was the French who declared war,
as a consequence, they will pay the equivalent
358
00:32:00.826 --> 00:32:04.121
to 100 million dollars daily
359
00:32:04.241 --> 00:32:06.660
for occupation expenses.
360
00:32:07.846 --> 00:32:11.521
General Huntziger goes to Germany
for the first committee meeting,
361
00:32:11.634 --> 00:32:15.510
responsible for reducing
the terms of the armistice.
362
00:32:25.520 --> 00:32:29.700
To spare troops, Hitler decided
allow France partial sovereignty,
363
00:32:29.979 --> 00:32:32.609
run by a puppet government,
364
00:32:32.729 --> 00:32:37.577
and with military restrictions, without weapons
heavy, just to maintain order.
365
00:32:38.466 --> 00:32:40.316
The country is divided in two.
366
00:32:40.436 --> 00:32:44.250
An occupied zone in the North
and along the entire Atlantic coast,
367
00:32:44.145 --> 00:32:46.619
providing access to all ports.
368
00:32:46.876 --> 00:32:51.382
Italy controls the Mediterranean area and
occupies a narrow region along the Alps.
369
00:32:52.191 --> 00:32:55.285
The rest is what is called
of "Free Zone" with a new capital,
370
00:32:55.405 --> 00:32:56.607
Vichy.
371
00:33:02.408 --> 00:33:06.348
This little town had been
chosen in part for its many hotels.
372
00:33:07.199 --> 00:33:09.977
At the beginning of July,
Marshal Pétain moves there,
373
00:33:10.970 --> 00:33:12.281
together with the ministries
governmental.
374
00:33:12.608 --> 00:33:15.613
The atmosphere for everyone
the sides are terrible.
375
00:33:21.429 --> 00:33:24.373
Ministry of Finance
376
00:33:24.441 --> 00:33:27.567
Press and Censorship Services
377
00:33:27.657 --> 00:33:30.928
Department
of the Chief of Military Forces
378
00:33:32.756 --> 00:33:37.555
However, this Vichy government continues
controlling a vast colonial empire.
379
00:33:37.675 --> 00:33:41.920
And above all,
a still powerful naval force.
380
00:33:41.974 --> 00:33:46.677
Hitler simply demands that ships
be disarmed and remain in ports,
381
00:33:46.794 --> 00:33:50.601
because I was afraid that
if they could join the British.
382
00:33:50.722 --> 00:33:54.210
Churchill feared otherwise,
to fall into German hands.
383
00:33:54.316 --> 00:33:57.653
He orders the Navy
Real that neutralizes them.
384
00:33:59.140 --> 00:34:03.474
A British naval force sails to
one of the great French naval bases.
385
00:34:03.594 --> 00:34:06.253
Mers el-Kebir, in Algeria.
386
00:34:06.373 --> 00:34:09.957
Churchill doesn't want to take risks
and an ultimatum is sent.
387
00:34:10.770 --> 00:34:12.834
"You can join us,
disperse your ships
388
00:34:12.933 --> 00:34:17.250
or sail under escort
for demilitarization in the Caribbean".
389
00:34:17.145 --> 00:34:20.507
The French reject
all proposals.
390
00:34:21.581 --> 00:34:24.471
The British open fire.
391
00:34:30.590 --> 00:34:32.395
Two French warships
are severely damaged
392
00:34:32.515 --> 00:34:34.760
and one, the "Brittania", is sunk.
393
00:34:34.956 --> 00:34:38.204
1,297 sailors
French are killed.
394
00:34:40.652 --> 00:34:44.429
Trying to show his people,
to the world and especially to the USA,
395
00:34:44.549 --> 00:34:46.149
your determination,
396
00:34:46.269 --> 00:34:48.935
Churchill strikes down his old allies,
397
00:34:49.550 --> 00:34:52.998
whose fleet could help the Germans
to land on the coast of England.
398
00:34:53.118 --> 00:34:58.975
Two days after the attack, Vichy breaks
diplomatic relations with Great Britain.
399
00:35:03.827 --> 00:35:06.601
Berlin
July 9, 1940
400
00:35:06.634 --> 00:35:09.581
All of Germany acclaims Hitler.
401
00:35:09.701 --> 00:35:13.598
His brilliant conquest of France
subdues his Generals.
402
00:35:13.718 --> 00:35:17.159
He sees himself as the
greatest military leader of all time,
403
00:35:17.279 --> 00:35:19.194
comparable to Napoleon.
404
00:35:19.723 --> 00:35:22.930
And as with the emperor,
no one dares to contradict him...
405
00:35:23.500 --> 00:35:24.304
never again.
406
00:35:32.511 --> 00:35:36.498
The Germans occupy the islands of
English Channel, Jersey and Guernsey,
407
00:35:36.618 --> 00:35:40.483
the first steps towards
the invasion of Great Britain.
408
00:35:44.217 --> 00:35:45.152
Great Britain
July 1940
409
00:35:45.534 --> 00:35:48.163
The British prepare
for a German invasion,
410
00:35:48.283 --> 00:35:51.800
taking action
which may seem trivial.
411
00:36:02.412 --> 00:36:03.952
Another urgent measure
412
00:36:04.720 --> 00:36:07.421
is to send children to
rural areas for safety.
413
00:36:07.770 --> 00:36:09.865
Always a painful moment.
414
00:36:26.569 --> 00:36:31.375
Your older sisters, your
mothers and grandmothers join the war effort.
415
00:36:36.325 --> 00:36:41.123
All women must defend their
homes from the threat of German paratroopers.
416
00:36:49.501 --> 00:36:53.504
Men participate in associations
of volunteers to defend their homeland,
417
00:36:53.624 --> 00:36:56.620
including veterans of
First World War.
418
00:36:56.740 --> 00:36:58.847
The volunteers and
trained people are mobilized,
419
00:36:58.967 --> 00:37:02.421
while the military forces
rescued in Dunkirk are reinforced.
420
00:37:03.947 --> 00:37:08.865
The US supplies shotguns,
machine guns and anti-aircraft artillery.
421
00:37:09.166 --> 00:37:11.869
And everyone
improve your skills.
422
00:37:23.425 --> 00:37:27.991
Churchill directs a very inspiring
speech to the British people:
423
00:37:28.346 --> 00:37:31.800
"The Battle of England
is about to begin."
424
00:37:31.305 --> 00:37:34.624
"Let's go in the meantime
prepare us for our duty,"
425
00:37:35.685 --> 00:37:37.870
"and keep in mind,"
426
00:37:38.253 --> 00:37:42.320
"what if the Empire
Britain and its Commonwealth"
427
00:37:42.535 --> 00:37:44.525
"last a thousand years,"
428
00:37:45.216 --> 00:37:47.168
"people will still say..."
429
00:37:48.448 --> 00:37:51.189
"this was our finest hour."
430
00:37:56.294 --> 00:37:59.703
One of the main weapons of
Churchill is the Royal Air Force, the RAF,
431
00:37:59.823 --> 00:38:02.544
together with your
memorable aircraft, the Spitfire,
432
00:38:02.664 --> 00:38:04.249
with its Rolls-Royce engine,
433
00:38:04.369 --> 00:38:07.697
one of the best
fighter planes in the world.
434
00:38:11.808 --> 00:38:14.557
The British also stand out
in the field of electronics.
435
00:38:14.984 --> 00:38:18.402
The British were the first
to use radar for defense purposes.
436
00:38:20.421 --> 00:38:22.546
In operations rooms, the radar
is used to detect planes,
437
00:38:22.666 --> 00:38:24.949
and guide the pilots
even to your enemies.
438
00:38:30.451 --> 00:38:32.771
To pilots across the British Empire,
439
00:38:32.891 --> 00:38:37.179
pilots from other countries join,
who escaped German occupation,
440
00:38:37.367 --> 00:38:39.717
or whose governments
are in exile in London:
441
00:38:39.980 --> 00:38:44.960
Polish, Dutch, Czech...
442
00:38:45.407 --> 00:38:50.308
and the first of the Forces
Free French, with De Gaulle.
443
00:38:53.502 --> 00:38:56.972
Many of the British pilots
are students at Oxford and Cambridge.
444
00:38:57.174 --> 00:39:00.500
One of them, Richard Hillary,
later wrote:
445
00:39:00.245 --> 00:39:02.486
"We were known as the
'long-haired boys'."
446
00:39:03.106 --> 00:39:07.944
"We were dazzled and spoiled.
The press calls us 'the lost generation'."
447
00:39:08.640 --> 00:39:11.540
"Superficially,
We were selfish and self-centered."
448
00:39:11.174 --> 00:39:13.546
"War did not require heroism."
449
00:39:13.666 --> 00:39:16.902
"But this gave us the opportunity to
prove ourselves and the world,"
450
00:39:17.220 --> 00:39:19.508
"that no matter how undisciplined
that we could be,"
451
00:39:19.711 --> 00:39:23.105
"we were as capable as
Hitler's indoctrinated youth."
452
00:39:28.153 --> 00:39:31.791
These German pilots were
trained by the "Hitlerjugend",
453
00:39:31.911 --> 00:39:34.727
the Hitler Youth,
with the ideal of revenge.
454
00:39:42.471 --> 00:39:44.574
They feel they are invincible.
455
00:39:44.694 --> 00:39:48.368
Their leader, Göring,
He is a popular figure in the regime.
456
00:39:54.284 --> 00:39:56.371
Göring, who is a man of luxuries,
457
00:39:56.491 --> 00:39:58.989
stays often
at the Ritz hotel in Paris
458
00:39:59.109 --> 00:40:01.205
and converts the Luxembourg Palace,
459
00:40:01.325 --> 00:40:04.130
at Luftwaffe headquarters.
460
00:40:04.698 --> 00:40:06.770
He promised Hitler,
that the Luftwaffe
461
00:40:06.890 --> 00:40:09.640
could annihilate the RAF in days.
462
00:40:09.760 --> 00:40:11.369
Take control of the air,
463
00:40:11.489 --> 00:40:14.358
and allow the Wehrmacht
the invasion of Great Britain.
464
00:40:15.360 --> 00:40:19.488
The Luftwaffe has at its disposal
all French airfields,
465
00:40:19.608 --> 00:40:21.823
your facilities
and its equipment.
466
00:40:22.559 --> 00:40:24.147
Its pilots are well trained,
467
00:40:24.256 --> 00:40:27.637
as Adolf Galland with
his characteristic cigar,
468
00:40:27.824 --> 00:40:30.145
who fought against the
republicans in Spain.
469
00:40:31.450 --> 00:40:35.710
Or Werner Molders, one at
of the French battlefields.
470
00:40:35.154 --> 00:40:39.894
He's one of the pilots who were shot down,
taken prisoner and returned to Germany.
471
00:40:40.224 --> 00:40:43.885
It is now part of the offensive
air raid against Great Britain.
472
00:40:51.304 --> 00:40:54.902
Taking off from these airfields
of occupied France, the Germans can
473
00:40:55.220 --> 00:40:57.130
attack naval convoys
in the English Channel,
474
00:40:57.250 --> 00:41:01.185
ports and airfields
in the South of England.
475
00:41:07.320 --> 00:41:10.324
They shoot down 500 British planes
476
00:41:10.444 --> 00:41:13.163
at a cost of
1,000 of their own.
477
00:41:16.237 --> 00:41:18.190
British pilots hold on,
478
00:41:18.310 --> 00:41:20.510
giving everything they have.
479
00:41:39.750 --> 00:41:40.512
Churchill declares:
480
00:41:40.563 --> 00:41:43.860
"Never in history
of human conflicts,
481
00:41:43.167 --> 00:41:47.949
if it owes so much,
by so many, to so few".
482
00:41:48.924 --> 00:41:52.310
Hitler decides to postpone his plans
to invade Great Britain.
483
00:41:52.274 --> 00:41:54.345
This is your first retreat.
484
00:41:54.440 --> 00:41:57.442
Your tactics are now based
more in night bombings.
485
00:41:57.688 --> 00:41:58.590
He says:
486
00:41:58.693 --> 00:42:03.209
"Great Britain will surrender when
their cities are destroyed."
487
00:42:04.915 --> 00:42:09.274
German bombers attack cities
British cities such as Coventry and London.
488
00:42:10.251 --> 00:42:12.301
This is the "Blitz",
489
00:42:12.421 --> 00:42:14.487
the daily bombings.
490
00:42:43.896 --> 00:42:46.805
However, the British hold on
in an admirable way.
491
00:42:49.202 --> 00:42:52.651
Dig refuges
in the gardens of their homes.
492
00:42:53.726 --> 00:42:56.989
And in London,
sleep in subway stations
493
00:42:57.109 --> 00:42:59.377
and go to work the next day.
494
00:43:11.640 --> 00:43:14.682
They never lose their
confidence or sense of humor.
495
00:43:17.920 --> 00:43:19.686
Churchill tells the French:
496
00:43:20.567 --> 00:43:23.447
"Here in London,
497
00:43:23.912 --> 00:43:28.200
what Herr Hitler says
which will convert to ashes,
498
00:43:28.740 --> 00:43:30.348
our people
is resisting without wavering."
499
00:43:52.612 --> 00:43:54.407
Hitler is enraged.
500
00:43:54.529 --> 00:43:55.837
Later he will call Churchill,
501
00:43:55.957 --> 00:43:58.425
"a mounted Jew,
Half-American drunk."
502
00:43:58.628 --> 00:44:00.883
From now on,
whenever you are frustrated,
503
00:44:01.300 --> 00:44:03.662
she will direct your anger
against the Jews.
504
00:44:11.995 --> 00:44:15.813
On December 10, 1940,
on the day of Yon Kippur,
505
00:44:15.909 --> 00:44:19.406
the Jews of Warsaw are told
that a ghetto will be built.
506
00:44:19.526 --> 00:44:21.974
A 3m high wall is erected,
507
00:44:22.940 --> 00:44:27.353
arresting 500,000 Jews,
men, women, children and elderly,
508
00:44:27.675 --> 00:44:32.219
who suffer horribly
of hunger, cold and poverty.
509
00:45:09.919 --> 00:45:13.130
In your chalet
Bavarian Alps, the "Berghof",
510
00:45:13.133 --> 00:45:15.792
Hitler is filmed by
his lover Eva Braun,
511
00:45:15.912 --> 00:45:17.376
while celebrating the new year,
512
00:45:17.609 --> 00:45:20.912
surrounded by children
of high-ranking Nazi dignitaries.
513
00:45:21.320 --> 00:45:25.127
He had another plan up his sleeve,
another big bet.
514
00:45:25.451 --> 00:45:28.772
Your mission now is
conquer new "Lebensraum",
515
00:45:28.886 --> 00:45:31.613
"living space" to the East.
516
00:45:32.645 --> 00:45:34.905
He allied himself with Stalin,
517
00:45:35.108 --> 00:45:37.316
only for the better
the power to attack later.
518
00:45:37.646 --> 00:45:40.958
His failure to invade England,
encourages you to act faster,
519
00:45:41.780 --> 00:45:42.894
before Churchill is able to attract
520
00:45:43.140 --> 00:45:44.516
Americans to enter the war.
521
00:45:44.636 --> 00:45:47.587
That would set the world on fire.
522
00:45:55.113 --> 00:46:00.606
Review, adaptation and synchronization
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